Annex 4
Description of RTMB Programme

The RTMB programme is divided into three phases as follows:

Phase 1 - Preparatory Studies Process - PSP (1991 - 1998)

The purpose of the PSP is to determine the standards to be adopted and the means to adopt them.. Work carried out  during this phase can be resumed as follows:

Part 1	Acquisition of all data necessary to determine the standards to be imposed by the new regulations:

•	Collection of climatic data on which to base the zoning of the country, the detailed models to be used to carry out technico-economic evaluations and recommendations as to building design, as well as simplified models to be used when the regulations are in place;
•	Studies to determine thermal comfort levels in the Maghreb climates;
•	Data concerning the building sector: statistical description of existing buildings in the service and residential sectors, projected flows of new buildings, description of the different characteristics of building envelopes for residential and service sector buildings, inventory of building materials used and usable and determination of their characteristics;

Part 2	Determination of  the future regulatory requirements, and  the means to satisfy such requirements

•	Technical and Economic evaluation to determine the regulatory criteria and the possible levels of regulatory requirements
•	Evaluation of the cost of compliance with different levels of regulatory requirements;
•	Development of tools to  assist in the application of the legislation and tools to control its application
•	Determination of the desirable levels of regulatory requirements on the basis of experimental and operational verifications to be carried out in the context of an Experimental Verification Process.

The PSP has resulted in the establishment of minimum and maximum level energy efficient building standards,  the identification of the  technical and financial means required to comply with the standards,  and the determination of the barriers which exist to the adoption of maximum standards. 

It has been decided that regulatory measures be taken in two stages.  The first stage, which will result in the adoption of minimum standards, is scheduled for the beginning of 1999: the second stage to adopt maximum standards is scheduled for 2002, at such time as the barriers have been removed by the Experimental Validation Process.  

Adoption of maximum standards will be necessary to achieve the future energy savings and  corresponding reduction in greenhouse gas emissions  targeted by the Government of Tunisia.

Phase 2 -	Experimental Validation Process - EVP(1999-2002)

The overall objective of the EVP is to remove the barriers which presently exist to the successful adoption of regulatory measures imposing energy efficient building standards at the maximum level. The EVP has two main components as follows:

A demonstration project component, which involves building a representative sample of demonstration projects which respect the new energy efficiency building standards, in different geographical areas, and  analyzing and evaluating the results with a view to validation of the standards and if necessary fine tuning the new design and building techniques utilized 

An Accompanying measures component which involves preparing the different market players to adapt to the future maximum standards, disseminating the results of the demonstration projects, informing the general public and economic operators via awareness raising campaigns of the advantages of adopting the new standards, and in general paving the way for the future regulatory measures at optimum level to be adopted in 2002.

A feasibility study for the EVP in Tunisia (EVP feasibility study ) was prepared in 1997 and funded by the Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial (FFEM).  The feasibility study determined (a) the mechanism of the EVP and its zone of intervention (b) its operational components (c) its technical specifications and (d) the cost of the process, the  funding mechanism and potential funding sources.  The activities, organization and financing of the EVP as determined by the EVP feasibility study are described in section 3 hereof. 

Phase 3 -	Implementation (2002)

Phase 3 is the adoption and implementation of the regulatory measures imposing maximum standards in Tunisia.  This will take place after concertation between all proponents  based on the results of the EVP. Successful implementation in Tunisia will help to pave the way for  implementation in the other two Maghreb countries in the context of the RTMB programme.
Annex 5
Description of Baseline Buildings

Experimental Validation Component	
Type of Project	Number of Projects	Number of
Housing Units	Baseline Construction Costs $
(no EE Modifications)	
Service Sector				
Boarding School	1		695,000	
University Residence Hall	1		10,435,000	
Continuing Education School	1		3,478,000	
Office Building (public/private)	1		14,783,000	
Hotel	1		10,435,000	
Hospital	1		6,087,000	
Pharmacy 	1		87,000	
Private Shop	1		87,000	
Private Shopping Center	1		2,609,000	
Cultural Center	1		695,000	
Subtotal Service Sector	10		49,391,000	
				
Residential Sector				
Public Luxury	4	80	6,957,000	
Public Economic	8	240	10,434,000	
Public Social	12	240	6,261,000	
Private Luxury 	8	160	13,913,000	
Private Economic 	4	120	5,217,000	
Subtotal Residential Sector	36	840	42,782,000	

				
Total Number of Projects	46		92,173,000	

Annex 6
Description of Energy Efficiency Building Technologies

For new buildings in the residential sector:

•	Insulation of the roof, walls and apertures.
•	Exposure to the sun (Solar Parameters).
- Orientation and configuration of the building,
- The positioning, size and type of apertures and their protection,
•	Inertia.
•	Ventilation system and method of use.

For new buildings in the service sector:

•	The same techniques are used as ones presented above for the residential sector.
•	Artificial lighting system and method of lighting use.
•	Performance, management, regulation and programming of electrical equipment.

It should be noted that:

•	There is no need for technical innovation.  The technologies and methodologies used are proven and easily apicable.

•	The need is to optimize from a techno-economic point of view the techniques to be adopted.

•	For the service sector, the optimization is relatively classic (inside constant thermal conditions for each period, be it the hot or cold season, = a satisfactory level of thermal comfort).

•	For the residential sector, the optimization is more complex as inside thermal conditions which will vary to result in an acceptable level of thermal comfort:  As such, the use of insulation, the recourse to inertia and the handling of exposure to the sun are more difficult to balance.

Annex 7
Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Emission Savings

An assessment of the potential GHG emission reductions to be achieved from the proposed project were calculated under the PSP.  This assessment also included the expected energy savings resulting from compliance with the maximum energy efficient building standards for the 20 year period following adoption of the proposed regulatory measures.  The results of this assessment are shown bellow:

- Residential Buildings

Based on 40,000 new housing units per annum, potential cumulative energy savings will amount to represent 1.9 Mtoe over the 20 year study period corresponding to a reduction in CO2 emissions of 5.9 million tons.

In the residential sector in Tunisia, energy savings following implementation of the new regulations at the maximum level will be obtained in two different ways depending on the category of building.  For a housing unit which is not equipped at the outset with heating or air conditioning equipment (economic or social housing), the improved thermal comfort is likely to delay, or even avoid, such equipment being installed.   In this case, a potential increase in energy demand is avoided. 

For a housing unit which is equipped from the outset (luxury and some economic housing), the new building standards will result in the installed equipment consuming less energy than the same equipment installed in a building which does not conform to the new standards, and result in immediate energy savings

- Service sector buildings

It has been estimated that on average 300 new service sector buildings per annum (about 70,000 square meters per year) will be built between 2001 and 2020.  Potential cumulative energy savings resulting from adoption of the new regulations at the maximum level in the service sector have been estimated at 0.8 Mtoe over the 20 year period corresponding to a reduction in CO² emissions of 2.5 million tons.

Since the buildings in question will be almost systematically equipped with heating and air conditioning from the outset, energy savings will be immediate.

More detailed calculations:

1 -Average Number of Buildings/sq. mt. That will be built each year

Residential Sector 	:	40,000 housing units  of which 10% are equipped from the outset
Service Sector	 	:	70,000 sq meters   	of which 90% are equipped from the outset   	

2 - Energy consumption per year

The figures shown below are average figures.  However, these do ideed take into consideration the type of buildings in each category and the energy consumption profile of these building types over the 20 year time span being considered.  As such, the figures shown below are average figures calculated for the specific forested types of buildings. over the period 2002 - 2022.  If needed, more details clarifying the calculation of the figures shown below can be provided.

						Residential			Service
						1 housing unit			1 square meter
						average [toe]			average [toe]

No regulations (baseline)			0.369				0.163
Maximum regulations				0.141				0.111
Energy savings					0.228				0.052

3 - Cumulative Energy savings per sector over 20 years (2002-2022)

The figures shown below are calculated based on the average savings figure shown in the table above and are based on the following formula:

For each sector: 

Cumulative Savings = (energy savings/unit/sqm) x (number of units/sqms) x (20 x 21 divided by 2)

The formula shown above does indeed take into consideration that the energy savings achieved from the buildings built in year “n” (out of the total number of year “N”) only get credited for N-n years of energy savings.  For example, energy savings from a building built in year 4 will only be calculated for 16 year.

As such, cumulative savings per sector are:

Residential Sector	:		1.912 [Mtoe]
Service Sector		:		0.772 [Mtoe]
Total			:		2.684 [Mtoe]

4 - Cumulative reductions in CO² Emissions over 20 years (2002-2022)

Residential Sector	:		5.946
Service Sector		:		2.401  
Total			:		8.347  

- Beneficiaries of energy savings

Energy savings resulting from the new regulations will benefit both the end user of the building (reduction of the energy bill) and the country.  For a country such as Tunisia the benefit will be both economic (reduction in energy demand will have a positive impact on the country’s balance of payments and foreign exchange position) and environmental (reduction in green house gas emissions).

In addition, for public sector buildings, which will be almost systematically equipped from the outset, the reduction in their electricity bills will contribute to a decrease in public expenditure.

The impact of the regulations in curbing the potentially increased demand from buildings not equipped from the outset in the residential sector will make an important contribution to limiting the increased electricity production requirement (and thus capacity expansion) with which the state owned electricity company, STEG is confronted.

National benefits will comprise:

- the reduction in energy expenditure for consumers over different periods of time,
- foreign currency savings for the Government of Tunisia.

Such benefits are shown in the table below.

Time span (years)		20		25		40		50		75

Energy savings [Mtoe]	        2.683		4.15		10.165		15.521	          33.623

Reduction in energy
expenditure (MTDinars)             832		1286		3151		4812	           10423

Foreign currency savings	413		639		1565		2390	             5178 (MTDinars)